Basic Research Methodology Concepts free essay sample

Methods and methodology; population and sample; census and sampling; variable and attribute; Operational definition; Data, Information and knowledge; Research is a process of identifying the status of a phenomenon through deploying various methods in a systematic manner.Research is a systematic process of identifying the problems, defining the questions and objectives, identifying the variables/ indicators to address the objectives, electing, compiling, processing and analyzing data to assess the inherent characteristics of the phenomenon under study and to identify the objective basis for arriving at a correct/reliable decision. ; Methodology Is a combination of methods ; Methods are Individually applicable. By variable we mean the characteristics which can be measured and numerically expressed and the magnitude of which varies from individuals to individuals, item to item.Profit, sales, age + continuous; family member discontinuous (discrete) The characteristic which cannot be expressed numerically but indicates a difference in the quality of the phenomenon is unknown as an attribute. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Research Methodology Concepts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, Efficiency (Efficient/leniently), Skill (skilled/unskilled). Indicator The parameter, Information/data on which cannot be collected directly but can be estimated based on the data or information collected on other variables and attributes. Population and Sample A population is the complete set of all items in which an investigator is interested.A population is the set of all of the outcomes from a system or process that is to be studied. N represents population size. Examples of Populations Names of all registered voters In the United States. Incomes of all families living In Daytona Beach. Annual returns of all stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Grade Sampling A sample is an observed subset of population values with sample size given by n. Data, Information, Knowledge 1 . Data: specific observations of measured numbers. 2. Information: processed and summarized data yielding facts and ideas. Knowledge: selected and organized information that provides understanding, recommendations, and the basis for decisions. ; Operational definition: The definition of a concept in terms of the operations to be carried out when measuring it, I. E.